My 2 cents (maybe 10 cents if it is too long .. ) with a lot of apologies to SMS, in case I am smack in the midst of his cross-hair again.
If you are in an SME environment, as most companies here are, the staff turnover doesn't warrant a full time HR and accounts / admin staff double as hr.
For my first job, which was not in early 80's like SMS, and to reitierate that I am not ANCIENT like SMS, but very, very late 90's, I applied for the job, through a contact, and I got a fax asking me to call - I called, and the person who answered the phone was the Finance manager who was doubling up as the HR manager and admin manager - for the company with a staff strength of 20 plus. The boss' secretary was doing much
All she did was "our boss is keen, I will pass the phone to a guy who 'speaks your language' (who happened to be dutch and I inferred that she meant something like somebody who can understand me .. )
Another few minutes of conversation, and few week or so later, I got a DHL package asking me to fill the EP form and address it back to another person in the same company, who happened to be an Indian guy.
Done, and once EP was approved, I flew here, and then went to their office, and then I found out the EP submission was done by the Indian guy, who was the sales manager of the company, primarily because he has 'experience' handling EP submissions - those days, it was all paper and manual submission. The Indian Colleague's additional role became mine, when he left and the Finance Manager decided that I am the next best, as I have some experience, and no, I wasn't paid anything extra, for submissin and assisting new staff etc, but I got a lot of time off, though then MOM was in Lavender and our office was at Kallang Industrial Park - not too far away, you see.
Well, until recently, all the companies, being SMEs, were some variation of the above.
Finance manager or admin manager doubling as HR !
Until I stepped into Large companies, where there are full time HR people who do nothing but HR. Which was a bit of a revelation for me about this mysterious people called HR, who everybody talks about, but me never got to see ..
As for why many companies want the candidate to appear in person - If you are in IT, I can only say that since many interviews are done by the actual team lead or person who requested the resource, it is pretty unfair to curse the HR people, HR would like to get the primary interview with candidate, basically covering the documents required, certificate copies, company in-house application form etc, quickly followed by the person who requested the resource, and then based on the latter's recommendation, the HRs call for the final interview / confirmation / pay negotiation.
Now, to cut the long story short, when I did a quick insertion into any company, it was due to my experience and exposure meeting the requirements, or the pay matched what they were offering - Pay is a key decider unless you are super-in-demand, like zzm9980 (yah, I am a bit jealous of him .. )
If you are a Western FT, well, you want 10K, a Singapore will ask for 7K and others from nearby ASEAN countries will work for 4K or less ! That's just some hint on how salary works, but don't burn me at the stake for saying so. It is not always an employee's market. And companies keep a wide band for salary scale. So as much as the chosen one is an ASEAN guy, the Western FT too could stand a chance, if his asking pay is within the band and he has something more than the others. If the Western FT asks for 20K and nothing less, it is a no go, and not even will HR call for salary negotiation.
And sometimes, the westerner maybe preferred, in SME's, if the boss likes to show off his 'FT' like an employer of mine used to do .. when he has potential investors and partners he will go "x is from Ireland, y is from Japan, z is from Africa .. " and he felt it works with the multi-racial thing !
When I had to sit and wait and wait, it was due to the pay being wrong, sometimes, I managed to fix it when I got a bit of a hint, or simply I was asking too much though nobody ever told me that I am asking too little, and I assume the jobs I got without much of a pay negotiation was where I undervalued myself.
Mostly I never got a hint and a month of waiting implied I am not in the final list.
So essentially, if you do your homework, or get a bit of help, you can breakthrough ! And you don't need to go mental wondering why nobody wants you.
For me-well, I would love to earn twice the pay. Most of my employers have a pay band, and sometimes, I figured out what is the 'asking' pay.
Hence, when I was stuck, and my employers were winding down, I had to lower my demands, and had to choose a little lesser pay than being jobless. When I was firmly seated, I could afford to insist on higher pay and have a take it or leave it attitude.
And again, my exposure is only related to IT-System Integration, Product support, a bit of Systems and support, and semi-IT Security exposure. While I have exposure and experience in Networking, I am not CCIE, and while I have exposure and experience in Oracle, I am not a OCM, and likewise not an RHCE, and not an MCSE ... or did I take up BS7799 or CISA. Now, If only I had the certs ..
And above all don't apply to Oil and Gas (that's my repeated disclaimer for SMS )
PS: I asked a former colleague who is now sitting in a recruitment firm, as to their general aversion to Skype / phone interviews: the answer was even simpler - No proof or record of what transpired, unlike in a face to face, where a third party can witness - and, well, in email correspondence, there is more records and documents.