If you do a chart of US housing prices and draw a trend line, values were (well?) below trend from 2009 to a couple/few years before COVID. Now, I believe the situation has more than corrected on the other side.
For the last 10-15 years, the S&P 500 return has been in the 12% - 15% range. That has been the opportunity cost of owning real estate over this period. With leverage, the returns on the down payment are probably similar. However, that doesn't account for all of the additional equity put into a
property over time via monthly repayments (and what could have been earned instead).